Italian neo-fascist anti-Roma violence


This video from Rome, Italy, says about itself (translated):

ROMA SINTI DEMONSTRATE IN ROME AGAINST RACISM AND DEPORTATIONS

On February 20, 2019 a demonstration was held in Rome, in Piazza dell’Esquilino, organized by the Roma Nation Association (ANR) and supported by the #INDIVISIBILI: women, men, children, of every ethnicity, geographical origin, religion.

The first request of the protesters was that of the immediate withdrawal of the deportations of Gordana Sulejmanovic and Madalina Gavrilescu, women, protagonists of the demonstration against GOVERNMENTAL RACISM AND THE SALVINI DECREE promoted by #INDIVISIBILI in Rome, 10 November 2018.

By Marianne Arens:

Fascists mount pogrom against Roma population in Italy

6 April 2019

Pogrom-style racist clashes occurred in Torre Maura, a suburb of the Italian capital of Rome on Tuesday. Several Sinti and Roma families were driven out of the impoverished district. The fascists from CasaPound, who led the action, feel able to act with such aggression because they have backing from the government and state apparatus.

On the afternoon of April 2, several Sinti and Roma families were transferred into city accommodations in Torre Maura. The fascists agitated against this, managing to mobilise some of the most backward local residents. Along with CasaPound with its leader Mauro Antonini, other right-wing extremist groups like Forza Nuova took part. For several hours, they ran riot on the streets.

The Nazis rallied until late into the evening, supported by a handful of backward residents, in front of the accommodation where 65 Sinti and Roma, including children, were being housed. They shouted “Fuori fuori!” (out!) and insulted and intimidated anyone who appeared at the entrance or in the yard of the accommodation.

Rubbish bins were overturned and set alight, while a car belonging to the cooperative that works in the accommodation was set ablaze. Racist slogans were sprayed on the wall in front of the house, including that “f***ing apes” should be “burned alive”. When a volunteer sought to enter the house with a box of sandwiches, the mob tore the box from him, threw it to the ground, and trampled the sandwiches.

The siege lasted late into the evening. In the darkness, the assailants set off an explosive device in the yard, but luckily nobody was injured. The fascists repeatedly sought to incite the situation further, but the group barely grew in size. Instead, residents turned away in disgust. “These people here are organising the war among the poor”, commented an elderly woman.

After a crisis meeting, the Rome city authorities decided to relocate the Roma families. As the last buses bearing the city’s logo departed from the house, the fascists broke out in jubilation, kicking the vehicles, in which children were seated. Several videos show a mob subsequently extending their arms in a fascist salute and bellowing the national anthem.

The district mayor of the suburb, Roberto Romanella (Five Star Movement), encouraged the fascists by stating at a press conference that a serious mistake had been made “which cannot be repeated”. Rome’s mayor, Virginia Raggi (Five Star Movement), hypocritically condemned the “racist hatred being whipped up by right-wing extremists.” In reality, her party bears responsibility for the rise of the fascists.

With the Lega, the Five Star Movement forms Italy’s coalition government, whose policies are determined by Interior Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini of the Lega. Hardly a day passes without Salvini agitating against refugees and Roma. At his initiative, the Italian government has closed the country’s ports to refugee rescue ships, condemning thousands of people to drown in the Mediterranean. The Salvini decree has also condemned tens of thousands of refugees within Italy to illegality. Refugee aid workers and sea rescuers are being sentenced to years in prison.

As a coalition partner, the Five Star Movement also bears responsibility for these policies. The Five Star Movement emerged from last year’s parliamentary elections as the largest party, with 33 percent of the vote. It concluded a coalition agreement with the far-right Lega, which had secured half as many votes (17.4 percent). The Five Star Movement thus helped the Lega obtain power and ensures it has a parliamentary majority for its reactionary policies.

These policies play into the hands of the fascists, who feel emboldened. By contrast, they enjoy little support among the population. At the beginning of March, hundreds of thousands protested in Milan against racism.

The fascists know full well that their crimes are tolerated by the highest levels of the state and government. The government systematically incites right-wing extremist sentiments, and sets precedents that only encourage the fascists. For example, Salvini ordered the house arrest of Riace mayor Dominico Lucano, who had sought to prevent his small town from dying out by resettling immigrants there. All foreign residents in Riace were deported.

It is also noteworthy that the president of the European Parliament, Antonio Tajani, recently spoke positively of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. The member of Silvio Berlusconi’s Forza Italia told a radio interview that the fascist “Duce” accomplished “positive things”. In addition to his negative acts, which included his conduct of the war and introduction of anti-Semitic laws, Mussolini managed to build “infrastructure, bridges, roads, and sport parks for our country,” claimed Tajani. “One can’t claim that he did nothing,” he added.

The subsequent outrage expressed by other European Parliament deputies cannot conceal the fact that the European Union (EU) and the governments of its member states, led by Germany, are responsible for the reemergence of pogroms in Europe. The EU’s refugee policy is no less brutal than that of the coalition in Rome.

Only last week, the EU brought to an end its Operation Sofia (Eunavfor Med) in the Mediterranean. At the same time, the EU cooperates closely with the Libyan coast guard, which has established conditions akin to hell on earth for refugees. An indication of the EU’s despicable policies was given by the order from the Maltese government a few days ago for the army to storm a rescue ship.

Italian fascist violence against Roma


This video is 1938 Italian fascist propaganda images of Hitler visiting his fellow dictator Mussolini in Rome.

Unfortunately, the spirit of these two war criminals is not dead in Rome yet.

Translated from Dutch NOS TV today:

The mayor of Rome has investigated the violent protests against the arrival of a number of Roma families in a reception center. She wants to know whether the violence was motivated by racial hatred.

Hundreds … of extreme right-wing activists took to the streets to prevent a group of 70 Roma, including 33 children, from accessing a reception center in the Italian capital. They set fire to cars and trampled food that was intended for the Roma. They shouted: “They must die of hunger!” The road was also blocked so that the families could not enter the center. …

This Italian tweet says (translated):

Trampling on sandwiches for Roma is not a protest, but racial hatred. Screaming “you must die of hunger” against women and children is inhumanity.

The NOS article continues:

Among the protesters were members of the neo-fascist movements CasaPound and Forza Nuova. The latter movement said in a statement that it was ready to raise the black flag [of Mussolini‘s fascists] and the Italian flag “against invasion and ethnic replacement”.

‘Replacement’: the conspiracy theory of the neonazi terrorist of the New Zealand mosque massacre.

The city council of Rome, led by the Five Star Movement, finally decided to move the families to another neighborhood in Rome. …

CasaPound says they have made a big win. If the municipality would still accommodate the Roma in the intended center, then … the neo-fascists threaten to take to the streets again.

Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister Matteo Salvini condemns yesterday’s violent protest, but he maintains his position, [NOS correspondent] Marghadi says. “And that position is: zero Roma camps at the end of his ministry. …

As a minister, he wants to pursue an active policy against the Roma. Marghadi: “For example, in August last year he wanted to have a census of Roma, so that people without an Italian passport could be deported. The others would have to “unfortunately be kept in Italy”, said Salvini.

Neofascist anti-refugee demonstration in Rome


This video from Italy is called Bologna Central Station. 2 August 1980. It is about the terrorist bomb attack there then, by Italian fascists like Roberto Fiore. Like the Brabant killers massacres in Belgium, and the Luxembourg secret police’s bomb attacks as revenge for not getting enough taxpayers money for their taste, the Bologna act of terror is often considered to be part of the NATO ‘Operation Gladio’ to create an atmosphere of fear for attacking civil liberties and moving the political spectrum to the right.

Translated from Dutch daily De Volkskrant:

Mussolini slogans in the streets of Rome. ‘We’re starting to recapture our country’

Neofascists in Rome protest to ‘reconquer the streets from the intruders

“You might call all what we do fascism, but I’d rather call it a new force, a forza nuova,” said Roberto Fiore, the frontman of the same-name party Forza Nuova. In the streets of Rome, some two thousand fans of the party marched this Saturday.

By Jarl van der Ploeg, November 5, 2017, 19:55

There he is, Roberto Fiore, the man who lived outside Italy for twenty years after an Italian court convicted him because of involvement in a bomb attack which killed 85 people. At his side are fifteen heavily tattooed men with armbands saying Servizio d’Ordine- paramilitary order troops. Today, they have been elected to protect the big leader of Italian neofascism, and the two thousand followers marching in militarist order behind him in rows of eight through the streets of Rome.

According to Wikipedia, the Italian Court of Cassation defines Forza Nuova as a ‘nazi-fascist formation’. Nevertheless, in 2006 it was part of the ‘center’-right to extreme right electoral alliance, the self-styled ‘House of Freedoms‘, led by convicted now-ex-Prime Minister Berlusconi.

Italian Lazio football hooligans’ anti-Semitism escalation


This video from Italy says about itself:

SS Lazio supporters: antisemitism

25 October 2017

Anti-semitic graffiti: the backdrop for pictures of Anne Frank, which have been doctored to show her wearing a Roma football jersey. Anne Frank was a Dutch Jewish child who died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945.

This is how some SS Lazio fans chose to express their dedication to their club – and their antagonism to the Italian capital’s rival team – during a recent league game against Cagliari. …

Flirtations with fascism

In a country where “il calcio” is a passion rather than a hobby, [some of] Italy’s most fanatical football supporters, the “ultras”, have long-standing links to fascism. As if to underscore the point, outside Rome’s Stadio Olimpico, home to both Lazio and Roma, stands an obelisk which still bears the inscription “Mussolini, leader”.

Translated from Dutch NOS TV:

Lazio chairman calls synagogue visit after Anne Frank row ‘theater’

Today, 20:41

The Italian football club Lazio is in a controversy again. The club’s chairman, Claudio Lotito, visited a synagogue in Rome after the row about [anti-Semitic] Anne Frank stickers from Lazio fans. During that visit he is said to have qualified it as “theater that is part of routine”.

Lotito went to the synagogue because Lazio came under fire after the anti-Semitic acts by supporters last week. He told the press that the club was working on a new campaign against anti-Semitism. But in the synagogue, Lotito said according to bystanders that the visit had been imposed on him.

The chairman denies the accusations and wants to sue people who maintain that he has made these statements. Evidence against him is that after the visit, the Roman newspaper Il Messaggero published a recording on which he actually appears to speak about a theater play.

Outraged

The Jewish community in Rome reacted furiously to the words the chairman is said to have spoken. A wreath that Lotito brought for his visit to the synagogue was thrown into the water [of the river Tiber].

The question now is how the Italian football federation and authorities will respond to Lotito’s words.

HOLOCAUST SURVIVOR PLACED UNDER POLICE PROTECTION  Police in Italy placed a Holocaust survivor under protection after she called for the creation of an anti-hate parliamentary commission — and received a deluge of anti-Semitic threats in response. [HuffPost]

Stickers displaying Anne Frank wearing football jerseys have appeared in Germany as an anti-Semitic provocation by neo-Nazi fans. Dortmund and Leipzig hooligan groups appear to be copying their Italian counterparts: here.

Atalanta Bergamo hooligans’ racism: here.

British Soccer Chief Apologizes For Equating Star Of David With Swastika: here. And here.

Italian Lazio football hooligans’ anti-Semitism


Paolo Di Canio makes fascist salute

From this blog on 22 May 2011:

Club loses GMB sponsorship after signing football fascist

Sunday 22 May 2011

by Adrian Roberts

The GMB said today that it has decided to end its sponsorship of Swindon Town football club in protest at the appointment of Paolo Di Canio as manager.

GMB said the Italian former player who was named as the new manager of Swindon Town on Friday had previously voiced right-wing views of which it strongly disapproved. …

Mr Di Canio has spoken freely about being a fascist and an admirer of Mussolini. He has faced bans and fines for making the fascist straight-arm salute while playing for Italian club Lazio.

Translated from Dutch NOS TV, 23 October 2017:

Fans of the Italian football club Lazio Roma have left anti-Semitic slogans and stickers depicting Anne Frank in their stadium. The statements were aimed at supporters of city-mate and arch rivals AS Roma, with whom they share the Olympic Stadium of Rome.

The Lazio fans included stickers depicting Anne Frank in an AS Roma shirt and wrote in graffiti ‘Roma fans are Jews’. …

The stickers and slogans were put there during last Sunday’s match, in the part of the stadium where AS Roma’s fanatical supporters always sit at their home matches.

Lazio’s fans never come there. Last weekend they were sitting there because their “part” of the stadium was closed because of racist shouting aimed at some non-white opponent players during a match a few weeks ago.

Lazio Roma’s fanatical supporters are notorious because of their fascist and extreme right-wing sympathies. This season, the UEFA football league already ordered the club to play a European contest without spectators as a punishment for racist sceaming during a European game of a few seasons ago.

From Associated Press, 23 October 2017:

ROME — Images of Anne Frank wearing a Roma jersey were among the anti-Semitic stickers and graffiti left by Lazio fans that were discovered at the Stadio Olimpico on Monday.

It was the latest in a long line of racist or anti-Semitic incidents involving Lazio supporters.

The northern curva (end) of the stadium where Lazio’s “ultra” fans sit was closed on Sunday for the match with Cagliari due to racist chanting during a match against Sassuolo this month.

As a result, Lazio decided to open the southern end and let the ultras in where Roma’s hard-core fans sit for their home matches.

Stadium cleaners found the anti-Semitic stickers a day later.

The Italian football federation is likely to open an investigation, which could result in a full stadium ban for Lazio. …

Lazio’s ultras have long been known for their far right-wing political stances and fascist leanings. During a 1998 derby, Lazio ultras held up a banner directed at their Roma counterparts that read, “Auschwitz Is Your Country; the Ovens Are Your Homes.”

The latest partial stadium ban stemmed from derogatory chants directed at visiting Sassuolo players Claud Adjapong and Alfred Duncan.

“This is not a curva, this is not football, this is not sport. Keep the anti-Semites out of the stadiums,” tweeted Ruth Dureghello, the president of Rome’s Jewish community. …

Also this season, Lazio beat Belgian side Zulte Waregem 2-0 in a Europa League match behind closed doors due to punishment from UEFA for racist chants aimed at a Sparta Prague player in the Roman side’s last continental appearance two seasons ago.

Big anti-TTIP demonstration in Rome


This video says about itself:

Italy: ‘People before profits!’ Thousands decry TTIP in Rome

7 May 2016

Tens of thousands took to the streets in Rome, Saturday, to protest against the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the EU and the United States.

From daily The Morning Star in Britain:

Tens of thousands rally against TTIP

Monday 9th May 2016

Opponents of secretive EU-US trade deal hit streets of Rome

ITALY’S militant trade union centre, the General Confederation of Labour (CGIL), drew tens of thousands onto the streets of Rome at the weekend to denounce the secretive Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) deal between the EU and the US.

Demonstrators gathered in San Giovanni Square held up anti-TTIP banners reading: “American chicken stuffed with hormones on our tables? Stop TTIP.”

Other posters proclaimed: “People before profits” and “Free circulation? For people not capital,” while chanting slogans denouncing the treaty.

Anti-TTIP protesters are convinced that the pact will lead to a deterioration in agricultural practices, as well as damaging the quality of work and services.

“First, because it accelerates privatisation and, second, because big corporations will rule over European governments,” demonstrator Loretta Boni explained.

Some other signs held up by protesters warned: “Nato and TTIP chain us up to wars! No TTIP! No Nato!”

The trade deal has been strongly opposed by millions of Europeans, with hundreds of thousands of protesters taking to the streets in Germany, Belgium, Britain and Spain.

In Germany, the most recent opinion poll conducted by broadcaster ARD revealed that 70 per cent oppose the TTIP trade treaty.

This constitutes a massive fall in support compared to 2014, when a similar poll found just 55 per cent of Germans viewed the deal negatively.

Critics … say that TTIP would place corporate interests above those of nations and workers, arguing that international corporations would be given power at the expense of small and medium-sized businesses.

TTIP opponents have also taken an especially critical stance against genetically modified (GM) crops, as the deal could allow US companies to bypass EU regulations and sell GM products in Europe.

The secrecy surrounding the talks has also drawn strong condemnation.

Greenpeace Netherlands published leaked documents last Tuesday, suggesting that climate protection, jobs, food safety and online privacy rights will be whittled away under the deal.

ITALIAN demonstrator Loretta Boni hits the nail on the head with her opposition to TTIP: “First, because it accelerates privatisation and, second, because big corporations will rule over European governments”: here.

On Sunday, German Economics Minister and Vice Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel expressed major doubts that the free trade agreement between the European Union and the United States, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), would be concluded: here.

Deep economic tensions between the United States and Europe erupted to the surface yesterday, as Paris demanded a cutoff of trade talks between the US and the European Union (EU), and the EU demanded that US tech giant Apple pay billions in back taxes. Two days after German Vice Chancellor Sigmar Gabriel criticized the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), French officials called for suspending talks on Washington’s flagship free-trade deal with Europe, bitterly attacking US negotiating tactics: here.

‘Bishop Bling’, after German palace scandal, Italian penthouse scandal


This is a 2013 German satirical music video about Bishop Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst and his spending of millions of church money.

Roman Catholic Bishop Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst from Germany first made the news for his covering up of clerical child abuse. Then came the scandal of the Right Reverend’s expensive palace, paid with money which Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst had taken from a church fund intended for poor people.

And now …

From daily The Independent in Britain:

Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst: Germany’s ‘Bishop of Bling’ in new scandal over penthouse flat in Rome

The Church has already come under fire for creating a high-profile post for the disgraced churchman

Michael Day

Rome, Sunday 13 September 2015

Germany’s “Bishop of Bling”, who was removed from his post in Limburg by Pope Francis after spending extravagant amounts of church money on home improvements, including €350,000 (£257,000) on walk-in wardrobes, is now living the high life in Rome, it is claimed.

Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst was summoned to the Vatican for a dressing down in October 2013, when it emerged he’d spent €31m on renovations.

A spokesman for the Holy See then announced that the high-spending clergyman would go on a “period of leave from the diocese”.

But earlier this year it emerged that the German Bishop had been given an impressive-sounding job in Rome as “delegate for catechesis” at the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation.

And according to a report this weekend in a local paper, The Italian Insider, Bishop Tebartz-van Elst is enjoying suitably luxurious accommodation to go with his new job – a 200sq m penthouse close to Rome’s most famous and celebrated central square, Piazza Navona.

The apartment, with a large terrace, is only yards away from the five-star Hotel Raphael, where the notoriously corrupt former Prime Minister Bettino Craxi commandeered an entire floor before fleeing the country in disgrace in 1994.

The Vatican spokesman Father Federico Lombardi told The Independent that he did not wish to comment on Bishop Tebartz-van Elst’s new accommodation. “I don’t know anything about this. It’s nothing to do with me and I don’t wish to comment on this gossip,” he said.

But the Church has already come under fire for creating a high-profile post for the disgraced churchman. When news of his new role in Rome emerged in March this year, Snap, the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests, suggested it was indicative of a climate of venality.

READ MORE: ‘Bishop of Bling”s €31m mansion

Bishop spent £176,000 on an ornamental fish tank

“This is why corruption in the Church hierarchy continues,” the group declared. “And it’s why the supposed ‘new policies’ to deal with irresponsible bishops won’t work. Because virtually no wrongdoer is ever harshly disciplined. And even when a prelate’s misdeeds are so egregious that the Vatican must act, the ‘discipline’ is temporary.”

The German’s rapid rehabilitation surprised many. He had been groomed as a rising conservative theologian under Pope Benedict XVI. But the current Pontiff, Francis I, is known to take a dim view of pomp and ceremony and has made it plain he wants a back-to-basics church.

However, when news of Bishop Tebartz-van Elst’s appointment in Rome emerged in February, the Vatican expert John Thavis said that “parking problematic bishops in the Curia is a bit of a Vatican tradition”. He noted the former Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo got a job in Rome after he was removed from his Zambian diocese over faith-healing practices in 1983. And in 2011, the Portuguese Bishop Carlo Azevedo ended up in a newly created position of delegate at the Pontifical Council for Culture following disagreements with the patriarch of Lisbon.

Fortune has continued to smile on Bishop Tebartz-van Elst. Last week it emerged that he would not have to pay the £2.8m claim for damages which the diocese of Limburg in Germany planned to file against him in a Vatican court, The Tablet reported.

Neglected Egyptian influences on ancient Rome


Roman obelisque, showing a pharaoh with a Roman helmetTranslated from Leiden university in the Netherlands:

Ancient Roman culture more multicultural than thought

The ancient Roman material culture appears to be influenced more by other cultures than was previously assumed. In Rome plenty of elements such as images of Egyptian pharaohs were integrated, says archaeologist Marike van Aerde. PhD ceremony April 23rd.

Multiculturalism was normal

From the Romans from the period of Emperor Augustus (27 BC -14 AD) it was already known that they took elements of Greek and Hellenistic culture. They did this for instance in pottery, jewelry and buildings. The study by Marike van Aerde shows that they did this also with aspects of Egyptian culture.

Van Aerde: “They did not only take these elements, they really integrated them.” Eg, Van Aerde found a picture of a pharaoh with a Roman helmet on an obelisk made in Rome. “This integration demonstrates that multiculturalism in Augustan Rome was normal. Egypt was from 30 BC on a Roman province, but the Roman material culture did not treat the Egyptian culture as inferior.”

Illegible hieroglyphics

Van Aerde analyzed nearly two hundred objects unearthed in Rome like pottery and jewelry. Much of this came from museums, including the British Museum. The archaeologist also participated in excavations. She also looked at public monuments and murals. She found many Egyptian figurative scenes and architectural and decorative elements. She found at the Sallustiano obelisk previously undiscovered illegible hieroglyphics. “This was actually a strange multicultural mix, but it did not surprise the Romans probably. They used Egyptian influences as a way to enhance their status. It improved one’s status to be multicultural.”

Terracotta panel depicting the Egyptian goddess Isis and two sphinxes, in a Roman-Hellenistic style

Museums move objects

Roman glass depicting an Egyptian head. Copyright the Trustees of The British MuseumSome Roman objects looked at first sight so Egyptian that people thought that the Romans had taken them from Egypt, Van Aerde says. She included an analysis of a number of fragments of Roman cameo glass, which consist of two or more layers in contrasting colors. They proved to be of Roman manufacture and date from the Augustan period. Van Aerde “Some museums have on these insights moved these objects from the Egyptian to the Roman departments. A perspective shift is needed. We are used to stick a label on everything: this is Greek, this is Roman, this is Egyptian. My research shows that one cannot always make such a distinction.”

(April 23, 2015 – CR)

See also here.

Scholars have been studying Rome for hundreds of years, but it still holds some secrets — for instance, relatively little is known about the ancestral origins of the city’s denizens. Now, an international team led by researchers from Stanford University, the University of Vienna and Sapienza University of Rome is filling in the gaps with a genetic history that shows just how much the Eternal City’s populace mirrored its sometimes tumultuous history: here.

Italian fascists attack refugees


This video is called Mussolini Italy’s Nightmare.

From daily The Independent in Britain:

Racial tensions in Rome: ‘Long live Il Duce’ chants as locals attack immigrant centre with rocks and petrol bombs

Residents in the Tor Sapienza district blame the African and Bengali refugees inside for the ‘insupportable’ levels of street crime in the area

Michael Day

Rome, Wednesday 12 November 2014

Racial tensions have exploded in Rome’s suburbs after locals chanting pro-Mussolini slogans attacked an immigrant holding centre. Police responded with baton charges and tear gas.

Were all of these violent racists really ‘local’? Were some of them not organized fascists, bused in or shipped in from elsewhere in Rome, or in Italy?

UPDATE: Indeed, Italian media have confirmed that. See also here.

Locals are calling for the building in the Tor Sapienza district to be closed after blaming the migrants it houses for “insupportable” levels of street crime in the area.

But the nastier side of the protests were apparent on Tuesday night with hundreds of people chanting: “The blacks have to go,” and dozens more shouting: “Long live Il Duce (Mussolini)”.

The violence in Tor Sapienza began simmering on Monday night with hooded men throwing stones at the Sorriso reception centre in Viale Giorgio Morandi. On Tuesday night the situation escalated dramatically. At around 10pm around 50 people, at the head of a 250-strong crowd, attacked the centre with rocks and petrol bombs. At least 14 people, including four policemen, were injured in the clashes that saw cars and rubbish bins set alight and used as barricades. …

The 36 African and Bengali refugees inside pleaded with police to be led away to safety, according to Corriere Della Sera newspaper. A few hours earlier one of the refugees was attacked in the street.

The ugly developments are the latest sign of a wave of anti-immigration sentiment sweeping Italy, with populist political leaders appearing to profit from, even encourage it. Matteo Salvini, head of the xenophobic Northern League, has seen his ratings rise after appearing in a T-shirt bearing the phrase: “Stop Invasion”.

Mr Salvini said: “Tor Sapienza represents the failure of the state, caused by the stupid politics of that part of the left that allows everyone to do anything they like.”

Even ex-comic Beppe Grillo, who leads the anti-establishment Five Star Movement, appears to have stepped up the anti-immigration rhetoric.

Mr Grillo is the partner of the British UKIP party in the European parliament.

According to some reports, the protests were encouraged by local drug dealers who are unhappy at the high level of policing in the area as a result of the migrant centre.

The violence at Tor Sapienza is the latest in a series of racially-motivated confrontations in the capital in the past few months. In September there were several clashes between refugees and locals in the Corcolle district.

Emperor Nero really had a revolving dining hall, archaeologists prove


This video is called The Life And Death Of Emperor Nero.

From daily Haaretz in Israel:

Nero’s revolving restaurant really existed, archaeologists prove

Haaretz gets an exclusive look at the reopened dig of the infamous Emperor Nero’s rotating dining hall in Rome.

By Ariel David

July 1, 2014 | 10:10 AM

Dormice drenched in honey and poppy seeds as an appetizer.

Roast boar stuffed with live thrushes for the main course, focaccia with cheese and Spanish honey for dessert, and a finale of fresh oysters and grilled snails. All washed down with wine aged for a century.

That’s only part of the decadent menu that the satirical writer Petronius reports could be sampled at a typical banquet hosted by first-century Roman elites.

It’s easy to imagine even more exotic delicacies gracing the table of an emperor when visiting the remains of what archeologists believe was one of the most peculiar and sophisticated structures of antiquity: the revolving dining room built by the infamous Nero. First uncovered in 2009 by a team of French and Italian archeologists, the building is now undergoing excavations and will be visible to the public after October, when the dig ends.

Haaretz got an exclusive tour of the site last month, as well as insight into the archeological detective work that went into identifying the building.

Mystery: The platform that should have collapsed

When they started digging on an artificial terrace created by Nero’s successors on the north-east corner of Rome’s Palatine hill, researchers certainly hadn’t been looking for a precursor to the modern revolving restaurant.

The platform was built after 70 CE, shortly after Nero was toppled in a revolt. His successors, the Flavian dynasty, were moving to consolidate their rule by building a new palace on the Palatine, the traditional seat of imperial power in Rome.

Modern researchers had puzzled over the area because surveys showed the retaining wall was too thin to hold the artificial terrace: the whole thing should have collapsed.

“It was a mystery that needed to be solved,” says Francois Villedieu, the French archeologist who leads the dig. “There had to be something big underground holding it all in place.”

What they found was a huge puzzle: a round, 12-meter-tall tower, with a massive central pillar of four meters in diameter and 8 pairs of arches supporting two floors.

“There was no other ancient building like it, nothing to compare it to,” Villedieu recalls. The strata it occupied and the building technique dated the tower to Nero’s time. But whatever it was built to support had been razed to make way for the new palace and erase the memory of the previous ruler, reviled as a cruel, corrupt despot and megalomaniacal builder who allegedly fiddled while Rome burned down in 64 CE.

The only clues to the tower’s function, along the top of the upper arches, were lines of semi-spherical holes, filled with slippery clay.

Primitive ball bearings and water power

Archeologists were reminded of cavities, filled with similar lubricants, that were used on large ships and harbor structures to contain primitive ball bearings, on which moveable platforms were mounted to transport heavy loads.

But what was such industrial equipment doing in what would have been part of Nero’s elegant palace, the fabled D[omus aurea] – the Golden House?

It was then that researchers recalled a description of the emperor’s palace by the Roman historian Suetonius, who wrote that Nero’s “main dining room was round, and revolved continuously on itself, day and night, like the world.”

Historians had long thought that Suetonius had exaggerated his description and that the coenatio rotunda was the round, frescoed hall located in another part of the immense palace, on the opposite Esquiline Hill.

But the discovery by Villedieu’s team is set to change that view. The mysterious cavities in the structure are believed to have housed metal spheres that supported a revolving floor.

At the bottom of the tower, archeologists also found indications that a mechanism had been built into the wall. The metal parts had been ripped out to be reused, but calcite deposits on the surrounding stones suggest that the floor’s constant movement may have been powered by water channeled through a system of gears.

The Sibylline inscription

Further evidence comes from a coin minted by Nero, which shows a tower similar to the one uncovered with two smaller structures on the side, and a Sibylline inscription that describes it as “MAC AUG.”

That second word refers to Augustus, the title that all Caesars took. As for the first abbreviation, some scholars think it refers to the m” or market of Augustus. But others, including Villedieu, believe the tall and narrow building on the coin does not look like a market, and the writing should be read as celebrating the “machina” – the machine of Augustus.

The discovery generated much debate and skepticism among archeologists, so much that it took years for Villedieu to gather funding to continue the dig.

“We don’t have definitive proof, but we have many convincing clues,” Villedieu told Haaretz.

Now, thanks to a prize that the project won in France and with the support of Italian officials, she hopes to find the building’s facade and the other structures depicted on the coin.

Maria Antonietta Tomei, an archeologist and former Culture Ministry official who supervised the dig on the Palatine, said the discovery of the dining room somewhat changes our view of Nero.

The emperor is known mostly through the writings of historians who belonged to the aristocracy and opposed him for his populist economic policies in favor of the poor and the expropriation of lands that belonged to the upper class to build his golden palace, she points out.

“Nero has a terrible reputation but he was a very complex character,” Tomei told Haaretz. “He was not just a negative figure.” And now, in hew view, the mechanical and architectural sophistication of his revolving dining room highlight his passion for science and technology as well as for the arts and culture.