Swedish bean geese migrate to Scotland, new research

This video from the Netherlands is called Taiga Bean Goose – Anser fabalis fabalis.

From Wildlife Extra:

Bean geese migration mystery solved

Bean geese go on tour of Scandinavia every summer

May 2013. The mystery breeding location for Scotland’s only bean goose flock has finally been solved, Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH) has announced. Through GPS tracking, the migration route of one of Scotland’s rarest goose populations has been found to cross Scandinavia with their breeding grounds being in Sweden.

GPS tracking

Six taiga bean geese were fitted with tracking devices by scientists from the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT), commissioned by SNH.The six geese were caught and ringed by experts at their winter quarters on the Slamannan plateau to help understand the threats facing one of Scotland’s smallest flocks of geese.

Huge decline in Scottish population

Bean geese were once common in Scotland, but over the past 100 years or so they have become extremely rare. The Slamannan plateau, outside the village of Slamannan near Falkirk, is home to Scotland’s only wintering population of these birds. The flock, usually about 250 birds, is one of only two which visit the UK in the winter. The second, in Norfolk, is much smaller.

Boost for Scottish Bean geese

Scotland’s only population of a rare arctic goose will be better protected in future thanks to the purchase of a site in North Lanarkshire by Forestry Commission Scotland. Read more at: Scottish Bean goose population given helping hand by Forestry Commission Scotland.

Sweden via Denmark & Norway

In this innovative project, the six geese were fitted with small 19g Global Positioning System (GPS) tags which revealed the location of individual geese each day. The scientists then built up a detailed picture of their winter feeding areas. In late February, the geese left Scotland and spent a month feeding on old stubble fields in Jylland, northwest Denmark preparing for the next leg of their migration. In late March, the flock then travelled to fields 40km north east of Oslo, Norway to feed for two weeks, before moving a further 200km north, in mid-April, to their summering grounds in the forested Dalarna county of west Sweden. Here they have settled in what is thought to be their breeding grounds.

Two local schools, Slamannan and Greengairs primary schools, have followed the twists and turns of the birds’ migration from tagging through to the complete GPS tracking programme, and are hoping to round this off with a trip for six or so of their students to Sweden in 2014. The children have been involved in bean goose project work for several years, and have learned about netting geese for tagging, GPS tracking, and international bird populations, as well as having made artwork, puppets and a short film about the geese. …

The Slamannan plateau

The Slamannan plateau lies between Falkirk and Cumbernauld. Bean geese were first seen in the area during the 1980s, and their numbers and distribution have been monitored annually since the early 1990s. Since then the population has grown to approximately 250 birds. The bean geese arrive in the area in late September each year and leave in late February.

The study is a collaborative project which also includes RSPB Scotland and informs the work of SNH and the Bean Goose Action Group

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• The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) and Implications for Anseriformes Taxonomy (plosone.org)
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• Major scrubland fire breaks out (bbc.co.uk)
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• Country diary: Nigg Bay, Highlands: The pink-footed geese seemed restless, as if uncertain what they were doing (guardian.co.uk)
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Sweden, riots and growing inequality

This video says about itself:

Aug 21, 2007

Al Jazeera’s Laurence Lee reports from Södertalje in Sweden, on the hardships facing the thousands of Christian Iraqi refugees who have fled there.

By Marcus Day:

Rioting hits Stockholm after police shoot Portuguese immigrant

25 May 2013

Rioting has occurred nightly in the suburbs of Stockholm, the Swedish capital, since last Sunday. As of Friday night, police had arrested 29 people and were calling in reinforcements from Gothenburg and Malmö, the second- and third-largest cities in Sweden, respectively.

The riots were touched off by the police killing of a 69-year-old Portuguese immigrant, who moved to Sweden over 30 years ago and whose name has not yet been made public.

According to an interview in Swedish tabloid Aftonbladet with Risto Kajanto, the deceased man’s brother-in-law, the man and his wife had been out eating at a restaurant and were confronted by a gang of youths on their way home. The man went back to his apartment and reportedly went onto his balcony and waved a knife at the youths, who left after a while.

At some point later, the police arrived, and the couple, believing they were the gang of youth, refused to open their door. Although the wife reportedly told police that she was not in danger, they nevertheless stormed the apartment, shooting and killing her husband in front of her.

“That was what my sister told me. But she is in a state of shock,” said Risto.

Later that night, youth in Husby, the northwestern suburb of Stockholm where the shooting took place, set fire to cars and threw stones at police. Over the next five nights, rioting spread to other poorer areas in western and southern Stockholm, resulting in the burning of over 300 cars and one police station and rapid calls for police reinforcements.

This is now the third time that riots have struck Sweden in the last five years. In 2008, hundreds of youth fought with police after the closing of a mosque in the southern town of Malmö, and in 2010 youth set fire to a police station in Rinkeby, another Stockholm suburb.

The events in Stockholm further undermine the lie that the “Scandanavian” model has somehow insulated Northern Europe from the crisis of global capitalism. On the contrary, the systemic economic and social crisis and the massive growth in inequality is giving rise to irrepressible and explosive social tensions.

For his part, Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt, of the right-wing Moderate Party, has responded to the police killing and the ensuing riots by denouncing the youth: “We have groups of young men who think they can and should change society with violence. Let’s be clear: this is not okay. We cannot be ruled by violence.”

In fact, like similar riots in 2005 in France and 2011 in Britain, the Stockholm riots reflect both the increasingly desperate conditions facing immigrants and youth in Europe and the imperviousness of the political system to the needs of the working class.

In recent decades, the Social Democratic Party, which had dominated Swedish politics in the postwar period, has sought to privatize state assets, deregulate the economy, and dismantle the welfare state. Its support has collapsed to historic lows. It has been backed, both in its right-wing social policies and in its support for overseas wars by pseudo-left forces, including the Green Party and the Left Party. These two parties formed a “Red-Green” coalition with the Social Democrats from 2008 to 2010.

In 2011, these parties supported Reinfeldt’s coalition government’s participation in the imperialist war in Libya, in which it supplied NATO with eight Swedish fighter jets.

In this reactionary political climate, the state has moved to inflame racial tensions and anti-immigrant sentiment. Allegations already emerged earlier this year of police specifically targeting dark-skinned youth for identity checks on subways.

During the current rioting, local organizations in Stockholm reported that police have been calling youth in the area “tramps,” “monkeys,” “apes” and “negroes.”

Many of Sweden’s immigrants are fleeing home countries torn apart by imperialist wars; nearly 50 percent of Sweden’s 43,900 asylum seekers in 2012 were from Somalia, Syria and Afghanistan.

In Sweden, the unemployment rate for immigrants, at 16 percent, is almost three times the national average.

The economic position of native Swedish workers and youth has also grown increasingly precarious since the onset of the global recession and European debt crisis. The overall unemployment rate for youth aged 15 to 24 stood at over 25.1 percent, up from 22.2 percent a year ago.

Although the current rioting began in the poor and predominantly immigrant suburb of Husby, Stockholm police spokesman Kjell Lindgren said that it has since spread to parts of the city not primarily inhabited by immigrants.

He told the BBC, “My colleagues say the people on the streets are a mixture of every kind of people you can think of. We have got Swedes, we have got very young people, we have got people aged 30 to 35.”

The participation of wider layers of the population in the riots, including native Swedes, reflects the increasingly bitter tensions within Swedish society. Social inequality has been growing rapidly in Sweden since the 1990s.

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), although there is as yet little “absolute” poverty, the gap between rich and poor is growing faster in Sweden than in any other major country. Between 1995 and 2010, Sweden dropped 14 spots in the ranking of income inequality.

Perhaps even more startling than the growth in income inequality has been the surge in overall wealth inequality. As of 2007, the top 1 percent of Swedish households controlled 29 percent of the country’s wealth, and the top 10 percent of households controlled 72 percent of the country’s wealth.

Related articles

• Stockholm riots throw spotlight on Swedish inequality (bbc.co.uk)
• UPDATE 2-Violence spreads outside Swedish capital but violence abates (xe.com)
• Stockholm’s not burning (thelocal.se)
• Swedish police call in back-up after worst riots in years (abc.net.au)

Beatles beaten by Abba

This music video from England is called Paul McCartney SGT Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band Live, Glastonbury 2004.

From daily The Morning Star in Britain:

Sgt Pepper meets his Waterloo

Abba’s Best Of album has overtaken The Beatles‘ Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band to become Britain’s second biggest selling of all time, the Official Charts Company said today.

While both have sold over 5.1 million copies in Britain, the Swedish band’s 1992 Best Of has now nudged ahead by nearly 15,000 copies.

Queen‘s Greatest Hits remains the most popular, with 5.9m sales.

This video is called ABBA Waterloo Eurovision 1974 (High Quality).

This video is called Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen FULL HD.

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• ABBA Museum Gives Stockholm Tourism ‘Money, Money, Money’ – Bloomberg (bloomberg.com)
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• VIDEO: Mamma Mia like you’ve never seen before (thelocal.se)

Waterbird migration and climate change

This video from Canada says about itself:

Common Goldeneye – Bucephala clangula

These Common Goldeneye ducks are wintering in Lake Ontario. Around late March to early April they will begin returning to their northern breeding grounds across Canada and Alaska. Common Goldeneyes can also be found in northern Europe and Asia.

From Wildlife Extra:

Climate changes shift wintering ranges of waterbirds

Waterbirds moving north – More in Finland and Sweden

May 2013. Migratory waterbirds have shifted their wintering areas north-eastwards due to climate change in Europe, according to a group of scientists including Richard Hearn of the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (WWT). Their new study found a strong link between changes in the numbers of goldeneyes, tufted ducks and goosanders wintering across northern Europe and changes in temperature in early winter.

Large rise in Finland and Sweden

In Finland and Sweden, the mid-winter numbers of these three species are more than 130,000 individuals higher than three decades ago. Correspondingly, on the southern edge of the distribution in France, Ireland and Switzerland, numbers have dropped by nearly 120,000 individuals. In several southern countries wintering numbers have halved.

Richard Hearn, WWT’s Head of Species Monitoring and a contributor to the study, said: “Our world is changing rapidly and conservation tools need to be flexible so they can respond to that challenge. This means more monitoring, to keep track of bird populations that are, in some cases, changing exponentially. It also means maintaining a coherent network of protected areas throughout Europe, and altering their management in response to the changing mix of wildlife that uses them.”

“Studies like this are critical to making governments aware of their shifting responsibilities and helping them plan for the future.”

Tufted ducks and goldeneyes in Finland

Aleksi Lehikoinen, Curator at the Finnish Museum of Natural History and lead author of the study, said: “In Finland, the change has been strongest in tufted ducks and goldeneyes, whose numbers have increased ten-fold. Waterbird numbers are connected with the early winter temperature, which in south Finland increased by about 3.8 degrees between 1980 and 2010.”

Hunting

This may have implications for their conservation, because birds are making less use of the protected areas that were designated to protect them. The shifts in the birds’ ranges may also affect the impact of hunting, as possibilities increase in the north and decrease them in the south, altering potential bag sizes.

The research is based on counts from the International Waterbird Census and the results have been published in Global Change Biology.

June 2013. Most species at greatest risk from climate change are not currently conservation priorities, finds an IUCN study that introduces a pioneering method to assess the vulnerability of species to climate change: here.

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Swedish dioxin salmon scandal

This video says about itself:

Save Wild Salmon & Bristol Bay: Paul Greenberg

Jul 20, 2011

Sign Petition:
http://www.freshthemovie.com/salmon
Wild Alaskan salmon is one of the most sustainable and healthy fish you can find. But if we don’t act now, it may disappear forever. Critical breeding grounds for wild salmon are endangered by the proposed construction of America’s largest open pit copper and gold mine, deep in the heart of Bristol Bay, Alaska.

Go to www.freshthemovie.com/salmon

Your Action Can Make A World of Difference.
Sign the Petition. Start the Ripple Effect Today.

Next year, developers plan to apply for permits for the construction of Pebble Mine. It’s not too late for us to stop them if we act now. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently considering requests from stakeholders to use its power under the Clean Water Act to protect Bristol Bay. Pebble Mine would cover 20 square miles in the Bristol Bay watershed, in a seismically active region, and require the construction of the world’s largest earthen dam for a 10 square mile waste containment pond. Up to 10 billion tons of toxic mine wastes could be produced. Any release of these wastes could cause irreparable damage to the Bristol Bay salmon runs.

Even worse: while our wild salmon are under threat, genetically-modified salmon may be introduced to the market any day. This video contains exclusive footage with Paul Greenberg, best-selling author of Four Fish, as well as amazing footage of spawning salmon in the bay.

From the BBC:

8 May 2013 Last updated at 16:57

Swedish salmon sales ‘breached EU ban’ over dioxins

Firms in Sweden have sold about 200 tonnes of Baltic salmon in Europe despite an EU ban targeting toxic chemicals in fish, officials say.

The ban does not apply to Baltic salmon sold to domestic consumers in Sweden, Finland and Latvia. But the sellers are required to give advice about safe limits for consumption, set by the EU.

Dioxins found in Baltic herring and salmon prompted the EU ban in 2002.

A French firm imported 103 tonnes of Swedish salmon, but no longer does so. …

Jan Sjoegren of Sweden’s National Food Agency told the BBC that Baltic salmon had also been exported illegally to Denmark and the Netherlands from Sweden.

The agency has alerted the European Commission, which deals with national food safety authorities.

A firm in Karlskrona has been reported to the Swedish customs authorities over the salmon exports, and a firm in Hammaroe is also being investigated, Mr Sjoegren said.

Dioxin hazard

The latest alert about Baltic salmon exports follows a horsemeat contamination scandal in the EU which affected many countries.

“We don’t think more salmon is being exported now, but because of the horsemeat scandal we are stepping up action on food fraud,” Mr Sjoegren said.

Sweden’s National Food Agency says the average intake of dioxins among adult Swedes is well below the “tolerable weekly intake” set by the EU.

Children and young women, it adds, should especially limit their consumption of wild Baltic fish because dioxins pose the most risk to babies and young children.

Dioxins spread by incineration and chemical pollution can accumulate in the body over years and can trigger cancer or reproductive abnormalities.

The European Food Safety Authority says that, on average, Baltic herring and wild Baltic salmon are respectively 3.5 and five times more contaminated with dioxins than non-Baltic herring and farmed salmon.

Related articles

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Ikea’s ‘moose’ lasagne contains pork

After the horse meat scandals (including Ikea’s horse meat scandal), the donkey meat scandal, and the cat and dog meat scandals, now an elk meat scandal.

Note: the deer species called “elk” in Europe is called “moose” in North America. And North American “elk” are called wapiti deer in Europe and Asia.

This video from Alaska says about itself:

Twin baby moose and mother playing in sprinkler in Anchorage, AK. June 2008.

From The Local in Sweden:

Pork found in Ikea’s elk lasagne

Published: 6 Apr 13 09:42 CET

Swedish furniture giant Ikea halted sales of elkmeat lasagnes across all its European stores after a batch tested positive for pork in a Belgian lab.

It was in late March that Belgian authorities discovered that the elk mince, produced by Swedish food manufacturer Familjen Dafgård and sold at Ikea stores, contained a bit over 1 percent pork, which is the limit for contamination of meat products.

An estimated 10,000 tonnes of lasagne stored in the furniture giant’s central warehouse and at its department stores have been blocked for sale, reported Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet (SvD) on Saturday.

Ikea also withdrew a total of 17,600 packages of lasagne from its stores. All were produced at the Dafgård factory at the time the contamination is thought to have taken place.

Anders Lennartsson, head of sustainability at Ikea, told SvD that it is not yet clear how many packages of the pork-contaminate elk lasagne have been bought by customers, but he believes it’s a question of “small volumes”.

“The elkmeat lasagne production only started in January. Most products that could have traces of pork are in our warehouses and have not yet reached the department stores,” said Lennartsson.

Ikea decided to withdraw the elk lasagnes from all its European stores on the day the test results came in, but the company did not tell customers why it was doing so.

“We followed company routines,” said Lennartsson.

“Since there were still many question marks, there were no grounds for informing the public while the investigation was ongoing. Now that it has been confirmed we will see how we can best communicate this.”

Dafgård also ordered its own tests that revealed four cases where the elkmeat lasagne contained small amounts of beef or pork.

Dafgård put this down to a failure to clean the premises properly between the handling of different animals.

• Horsemeat lasagne sent to Stockholm’s homeless (20 Mar 13)
• Fouled food found at Ikeas in France, Russia (7 Mar 13)

Related articles

• Ikea halts moose lasagne sales after pork traces found (irishtimes.com)
• Ikea sausages recalled after meatballs traced to contain horse meat (Video) (examiner.com)
• Horsemeat Scandal Taints Ikea’s Legendary Swedish Meatballs (gizmodo.co.uk)
• Horse Meat Found In Ikea’s Swedish Meatballs (huffingtonpost.com)
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Baltic Sea Bronze Age archaeological research

From the University of Gothenburg in Sweden:

Stone ships show signs of maritime network in Baltic Sea region 3,000 years ago

21 March 2013

In the middle of the Bronze Age, around 1000 BC, the amount of metal objects increased dramatically in the Baltic Sea region. Around the same time, a new type of stone monument, arranged in the form of ships, started to appear along the coasts. New research from the University of Gothenburg, Sweden shows that the stone ships were built by maritime groups.

The maritime groups were part of a network that extended across large parts of northern Europe. The network was maintained largely because of the strong dependence on bronze.

Archaeologists have long assumed that bronze was imported to Scandinavia from the south, and recent analyses have been able to confirm this notion. The distribution of bronze objects has been discussed frequently, with most analyses focusing on the links in the networks. The people behind the networks, however, are only rarely addressed, not to mention their meeting places.

‘One reason why the meeting places of the Bronze Age are not discussed very often is that we haven’t been able to find them. This is in strong contrast to the trading places of the Viking Age, which have been easy to locate as they left behind such rich archaeological material,’ says the author of the thesis Joakim Wehlin from the University of Gothenburg and Gotland University.

In his thesis, Wehlin has analysed the archaeological material from the Bronze Age stone ships and their placement in the landscape. The stone ships can be found across the entire Baltic Sea region and especially on the larger islands, with a significant cluster on the Swedish island of Gotland. The ships have long been thought to have served as graves for one or several individuals, and have for this reason often been viewed as death ships intended to take the deceased to the afterlife.

‘My study shows a different picture. It seems like the whole body was typically not buried in the ship, and some stone ships don’t even have graves in them. Instead, they sometimes show remains of other types of activities. So with the absence of the dead, the traces of the survivors tend to appear.’

One of Wehlin’s conclusions is that the stone ships and the activities that took place there point to people who were strongly focused on maritime practice. Details in the ships indicate that they were built to represent real ships. Wehlin says that the stone ships give clues about the ship-building techniques of the time and therefore about the ships that sailed on the Baltic Sea during the Bronze Age.

By studying the landscape, Wehlin has managed to locate a number of meeting places, or early ports.

‘These consist of areas that resemble hill forts and are located near easily accessible points in the landscape – that is, near well-known waterways leading inland. While these areas have previously been thought to be much younger, recent age determinations have dated them to the Bronze Age.’

The thesis offers a very extensive account of the stone ships. It also suggests that the importance of the Baltic Sea during the Scandinavian Bronze Age, not least as a waterway, has been underestimated in previous research.

Related articles

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Siskins, blackbirds, robin still on the balcony

Still some snow, and some ice on waters; but temperatures rising above freezing today.

This is a siskin video from Sweden.

On the balcony and in the tree, still siskin flocks. Probably, they will migrate to northern and eastern Europe when the weather will get warmer.

Also a robin feeding. And blackbirds. And a magpie. And a wood-pigeon.

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Ikea horsemeat scandal in Czech republic

This video is called Ikea Meatballs Withdrawn Over Horsemeat Fears.

From the BBC:

5 February 2013 Last updated at 13:00 GMT

Horsemeat found in Ikea meatballs in Czech Republic

Ikea has withdrawn meatballs for sale in much of Europe after Czech inspectors found traces of horsemeat in a batch manufactured in Sweden.

The discovery comes as European Union agriculture ministers meet in Brussels for talks widely expected to focus on the growing horsemeat scandal.

Czech officials said horse was found in “beef and pork” meatballs in the UK, Netherlands, Portugal and others.

The scandal began with frozen meals and burgers in the UK and Ireland.

Since the first horsemeat was discovered last month, traces have been found in food across the EU.

Supermarkets across Europe have had to withdraw affected prepared meals from their shelves.

Ikea’s announcement came after some 760kg (1,675lb) of the Swedish-style meatballs were intercepted and stopped from reaching Czech shelves, according to the Associated Press.

Horsemeat was also found in beef burgers imported from Poland, the Czech State Veterinary Administration said.

In a posting on its Swedish Facebook page, Ikea first confirmed it was halting all sales of meatballs at its stores in the country.

Shortly afterwards, the company announced that the affected batch of Swedish-made meatballs had been sold in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal and France.

Ikea insisted that it had not found any horsemeat during in-house tests on its own range of food products, carried out two weeks ago, but said new tests would now be carried out.

Related articles

• Horsemeat found in Ikea meatballs (guardian.co.uk)
• IKEA says horse meatballs went on sale in several European countries (Reuters) (newsdaily.com)
• Horsemeat Found In Ikea Meatballs In Czech Republic (businessinsider.com)
• Horsemeat found in Ikea meatballs: report (thelocal.se)
• Horsemeat Scandal Taints Ikea’s Legendary Swedish Meatballs (gizmodo.co.uk)
• What’s Swedish for horse? Ikea meatballs latest product drawn into horse meat scandal (mirror.co.uk)
• ‘Horsemeat meatballs’ labelled as beef and pork (itv.com)

Bulgarian red-breasted geese in danger

This video is about two red-breasted geese, in a big flock of barnacle geese. Recorded: Getterons Nature Reserve, Varberg, Halland, Sweden 2010-05-09.

From BirdLife:

Court Ruling Threatens Red-Breasts

Thu, Feb 14, 2013

Europe, News

In January, the Bulgarian Court overturned a decision by the Bulgarian Minister of the Environment to revoke permission for a wind energy project threatening a high nature value area as well as the globally endangered bird species inhabiting it.

The court ruling might lead to Bulgaria ending up in front of the EU Court of Justice.

The case in question refers to the plans to construct 95 wind turbines close to Durankulak Lake – one of the most important wintering sites on the Black Sea coast for the globally threatened red-breasted goose. As a consequence, red-breasts might lose a significant part of their feeding area not to mention the risk of collision with the wind turbines. It is also at odds with an EU LIFE+ funded project run by the Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds (BSPB; BirdLife in Bulgaria) ‘Safe Grounds for Red-Breasts’, which aims, with local and international partners, to find solutions to the problems facing the geese.

Despite a totally inadequate environmental impact assessment, the proposal was waved through by the regional inspectors, only for it to be quashed by the Bulgarian Minister for Environment and Water after the BSPB campaigned vigorously against it.  This victory seemed to be part of a turning tide in Bulgaria towards proper regulation of development and protection of key nature conservation sites, exemplified by the adoption of the Bulgarian National Renewable Energy Action Plan.

The judgement to overturn the Minister’s decision on a legal technicality is deeply misguided. Overruling the Minister’s decision when the project is obviously in direct breach of European law does no one any favours. If this project is implemented, there can be no doubt that the European Commission will take the strongest action through the European Court of Justice to require the Bulgarian Government to remove the damaging project and make good any damage to red-breasts.  This will be an embarrassment to the Bulgarian Government (which is already in trouble with the Commission over previous poorly placed projects), and a damaging indictment of the Bulgarian judiciary.

BSPB and the Bulgarian Ministry of Environment and Water have submitted a final appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court to get this judgement revoked.  BirdLife Europe strongly encourages the court to find in favour of the appeal, so that the red-breasts will remain free to feed in their key wintering grounds as they have done for centuries.

Related posts:

1. Final Warning for Bulgaria over Failure to Protect Internationally Important Sites On Thursday 21 June, the European Commission issued a final legal warning against the Bulgarian…
2. Bulgarian Important Bird Areas protected The Bulgarian government has confirmed Special Protection Area extensions for four key Important Bird Areas….
3. National renewable energy Action Plan in Bulgaria ensures biodiversity conservation Bulgaria has started implementing the regulations of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan 2011 –…

Bid to solve mystery of 50,000 red-breasted geese lost in migration: here.

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