British butterflies late because of cold spring


This video, recorded in a garden, is called English Butterflies.

From Wildlife Extra:

Late show for rare spring butterflies

Coldest spring for 50 years has delayed butterfly emergence

May 2013. The coldest start to spring for half a century has led to many butterflies emerging weeks later than usual, Butterfly Conservation has revealed. March, the second coldest since records began, followed a chillier than average winter with snow on the ground in places well into April (And the weather is still cold, wet and rotten).

Grizzled skipper – a month late

The emergence of many rare spring species was typically delayed by a fortnight and in some cases by three or more weeks, with one species – the Grizzled Skipper, emerging a month later than last year.

Other late butterflies

Last year the endangered Pearl-bordered Fritillary was on the wing by April 1st but this year the butterfly didn’t emerge until April 27th.

The endangered Wood White was first seen on April 10th in 2012 but this year was not seen until early May.

Similarly, Duke of Burgundy didn’t put in an appearance until late April, around three weeks later than last year.

May not be a disaster

But the late spring is not necessarily a bad thing for our butterflies as the emergence of the host plants they depend upon will also have been delayed. The cold start to 2013 follows washout 2012 – the worst year on record for UK butterflies with the majority of species suffering declines.

Richard Fox, Butterfly Conservation Surveys Manager, said: “The long cold winter has delayed the emergence of some of our most threatened butterflies by at least two weeks this spring. In itself, this is not necessarily a bad thing. The key factor is what the weather is like over the coming weeks while these butterflies are flying, mating and laying eggs.

“Many species were decimated by foul weather last spring and their numbers will be lower this year. They really need some fine spring weather and a successful breeding season in order to start rebuilding their populations.”

The public can get closer to our rarest spring butterflies this May with Butterfly Conservation.

Save Our Butterflies Week

The charity is running Save Our Butterflies Week – a series of UK-wide events highlighting conservation work that is helping to reverse the declines of our butterflies.

Dr Martin Warren, Butterfly Conservation Chief Executive said: “This is a great chance for people to visit some fascinating sites and see some of our rarest butterflies. Experts will be on hand at each event to explain their unique life cycles and the work that Butterfly Conservation is doing to conserve them.”

Cuckoo, linnet, and purple heron


On 12 May 2013, again to the Zouweboezem nature reserve in the Netherlands.

This reserve is famous for its black terns and its purple herons.

As we approach the reserve: shelducks near the Lek river.

Near the parking lot, chaffinch and chiffchaff singing. An oystercatcher.

A bit further: a reed warbler sings.

Sedge warbler singing, 12 May 2013

A sedge warbler sings.

Reed bunting male, 12 May 2013

Then, a male reed bunting.

A willow warbler and a wren sing.

A common tern flying.

A northern lapwing in a meadow.

Black terns fly above the meadow, hunting for insects.

A great cormorant.

Bearded reedlings fly away.

On a reed stem, an ergot fungus, Claviceps microcephala; in the sclerotium phase at the moment.

Marsh marigold flowers.

Black terns fly over their nesting colony, but few of them have started nesting yet. Tufted ducks sit on some of the black tern nesting platforms. It seems that the cold spring has delayed the terns’ nesting season.

A yellow water-lily flowering. That is early for this time of the year.

A great crested grebe.

A Stereum hirsutum fungus on a fallen branch.

Near the hide, a male shoveler duck swimming.

Canada geese. A mute swan. Wigeon. Gadwall ducks.

Many shiny alder leaf beetles on small trees. Some of them mating.

Water violets flowering.

A Savi’s warbler and a blackcap sing.

White dead-nettle flowers.

A green-veined white butterfly.

In a meadow, orchid flowers.

A black-tailed godwit flies, calling.

An Egyptian goose flying.

A male and a female marsh harrier fly together.

Then, a black-tailed godwit, driving away a Canada goose. Considering that Canada geese are capable of driving away big gorillas, quite a feat.

A purple heron; flying, then standing at a ditch bank.

Grey lag and barnacle geese, 12 May 2013

A group of grey lag geese, with also two barnacle geese.

Pheasant male, Zouweboezem, 12 May 2013

A male pheasant.

Grey lag geese and goslings, 12 May 2013

Many grey lag geese have goslings.

Cuckoo, Zouweboezem, 12 May 2013

Then, something special. A male cuckoo. Usually hidden from view, but not today.

A jay flying.

A carrion crow drives away a buzzard.

A false puffball slime mould on a tree stump.

Linnet female, 12 May 2013

Then, a female linnet.

Linnet male, 12 May 2013

And a male linnet.

Then, Lentinus tigrinus mushrooms.

Zouweboezem, 12 May 2013

We are near the exit of the reserve. Corn salad flowering.

In Ameide village, a white stork on its nest on the roof of the church.

Desert locust fatigue, new research


This video is called Desert Locust Insect (Schistocerca gregaria).

From Trinity College in Dublin, Ireland:

How long do insects last?

08 May 2013

Researchers from Trinity College Dublin have shown that although insects are made from one of the toughest natural materials, their legs and wings can wear out over time. The findings have been just published in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

“The single biggest cause of failure in cars, airplanes and other mechanical structures is material fatigue,” said Dr. Jan-Henning Dirks, who studied the biomechanics of insects together with Eoin Parle and Professor David Taylor at Trinity’s Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. “For quite some time it has been known that this kind of fatigue behaviour easily happens in some materials, but far less in others. That’s why engineers are constantly looking for ideas to design safer, more durable types of materials.”

But until now nothing was known about the fatigue properties of the second-most common natural material in the world: insect cuticle.

Insects are regarded as one of the most diverse groups of animals in the world, yet they have one thing in common: they all are made from a material called cuticle. “The insects’ exoskeleton supports them in a way our bones support our body,” said Dirks. “At the same time the cuticle also acts as a kind of protective skin. Cuticle is an extremely versatile biological material. If we understood how it acts under repeated loads, we might be able to design more durable biomimetic materials for many kinds of applications.”

As a first step, the team looked at the cuticle of the desert locust. “These locusts are capable of flying across oceans and deserts, often for days or weeks at a time,” said Parle, who is writing his PhD thesis about the mechanical properties of insect cuticle. “Their wings beat hundreds of thousands of times, and with their hind legs they perform thousands of jumps.”

To measure the fatigue properties of the cuticle, the team took samples of the legs and wings and mechanically simulated the repeated loading that occurs in wing beats and during jumping. The researchers were able to show that both structures can withstand hundreds of thousands of cycles, with the legs being notably more resistant to fatigue. “Our results also show that due to their shape and fibrous material the legs are very well adapted to withstand the types of failure that might occur in jumping and kicking,” said Parle.

“For the first time, we now actually know that insect cuticle shows material fatigue after repeated loading.” said Taylor. “These results are obviously just a first step. Studying insect cuticle is not only thought-provoking from the engineering point of view, where our findings might help us to develop more durable composite materials. Our results are also interesting from the biological perspective, where we can learn more about how insects evolved to become one of the most successful groups of animals.”

British insect photography competition


This video is called UK Dragonflies – Southern Hawker, Migrant Hawker & Common Darter.

From Wildlife Extra:

Bug and insect photography competition

Wildlife presenter Nick Baker launches bug photography competition

May 2013. Wildlife charity, Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation Trust has launched a bug photography competition to encourage people to take a closer look at the bugs on their doorstep.

Participants will be asked to take a photo of their favourite bug or the sheer diversity and beauty of bugs and submit it to Buglife. As long as the photo includes a bug and has not been digitally enhanced, it can be submitted to the competition

Age categories

There are three age categories, 8 years and under, 9 to 15 years and adults (16 years and over).

Judging panel

The judging panel includes wildlife presenter, Nick Baker and professional photo journalist Carlos Reyes-Manzo, and Buglife entomologist Steven Falk. The photos will be judged on technical skill, diversity, originality and creativity of composition.

Susan Thompson, Buglife Development Officer said ‘By taking part in the bug photography competition we hope that people will engage with bugs and take an interest in conserving them’.

Prizes include a bespoke bug walk and macro photography experience for up to 10 people.

To take part in the competition visit www.buglife.org.uk/bugphotography and post your bug photo on the Buglife bug photography competition Flickr group. Competition closes on 30 September 2013.

Blackcap, robin, tree pipit, pondskaters


After 2 May 2013, 3 May: our last full day in the Drents-Friese Wold national park.

Blackcap male singing, 3 May 2013

In the garden, a male blackcap sings.

Then, to Boschoord forest.

Tree pipit, 3 May 2013

A tree pipit on the forest floor.

Sounds of robin, chaffinch, great spotted woodpecker.

Jays, blackbirds.

A wood-pigeon sitting on a branch above the footpath.

Two brimstone butterflies.

A speckled wood butterfly sits down on a fallen coniferous tree branch.

Blackcap male on the lawn, 3 May 2013

As I come back, a male blackcap on the lawn.

There is a female “orangecap” blackcap as well.

Female blackcap, 3 May 2013

A tree sparrow has a feather in its bill. To line its nest?

Tree sparrow with feather, 3 May 2013

Robin in tree, Drents-Friese wold, 3 May 2013

A robin in a tree.

Robin, Drents-Friese wold, 3 May 2013

The robin flies to the lawn, and flies away again.

Robin flying, Drents-Friese wold, 3 May 2013

A great tit in another tree.

Great tit, 3 May 2013

A male blackbird on the lawn.

Blackbird male, 3 May 2013

Late in the afternoon. The forest again.

A red squirrel.

In the small lake, where a few days ago I saw only whirligig beetles, there are pondskaters now. Maybe because it has become warmer?

Cicada invasion in the USA


This video is called Invasion East Coast! Billions of Cicadas Will Swarm the Region after 17 Years Underground!

From Wildlife Extra:

Vast cicada swarm due in USA

April 2013. Residents of north-eastern USA will soon observe an event not seen since 1996: The coming mass emergence of the Brood II cicadas.

1.5 million per acre!

After spending 17 years living underground as nymphs, these large, winged insects will emerge to live out their short adult lives above ground. As many as 1.5 million cicadas can live per acre, and they are noisy too, they will certainly be heard: Cicadas have a unique call that can reach a whopping 90 decibels.

As alarming as this sounds, cicadas are actually quite harmless. In fact, they have positive effects on plants and provide food for many different animals, including birds, mammals, reptiles, even other insects.

Brood 2 cicadas appear every 17 years across New York, Washington, D.C., Connecticut, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. They measure just 1½ inches long and live for just 2 weeks. They live underground for 17 years, feeding on the juices of tree roots, before emerging to mate once every 17 years (That’s a long wait. Ed.). They live above ground for just 2 weeks before they die.

There are several broods that appear once every 13 or 17 years in a very unusual life cycle, and when they overlap, it must be like the biblical plague.

From Cicada Mania blog in the USA:

May 1, 2013

The Brood II Emergence Has Begun

It has begun!

Over on the Entomology-Cicadidae cicada group a gentleman named Tommy Joseph has posted photos of periodical cicadas which have emerged this week in Greensboro, North Carolina This makes sense as North Carolina is the southern-most state with a Brood II population, and southern states warm up before northern states.

There are also plenty of sightings (mostly nymphs, but some adults) on the Magicicada.org map. Don’t forget to post your sighting there.

Stonechat, skylark and meadow pipit


After 1 May in the Drents-Friese Wold nature reserve, comes 2 May.

Male stonechat, 2 May 2013

On the edge of the Dolderdumse veld heathland and forest, a male stonechat sits on a shrub.

Doldersumse Veld, 2 May 2013

This photo shows the favourite habitat there of stonechats, heathland birds.

Flying skylark, 2 May 2013

A skylark singing and flying.

A kestrel. A buzzard.

A tree pipit. Probably the same one as a few days ago.

In Wapserveld reserve, a yellowhammer sings.

Brimstone and orange tip butterflies.

Skylark, 2 May 2013

In a meadow, a skylark.

Meadow pipit, 2 May 2013

Later, in another meadow, a meadow pipit.

Back in the garden, a female pied fly-catcher sitting on a table.

Glow worms in Britain, where to see them


This video from Australia says about itself:

The Glow Worms of the Otway Rainforest bring the trees and creek banks to life after the sun goes down.

From Wildlife Extra:

Where to see Glow worms in the UK

Female glow-worms produce a soft light in their tails during early summer nights to attract males.

But the romance is a rushed one – adult beetles survive for just a few weeks and in that time they need to mate and lay eggs to ensure the survival of the next generation.

Once far more widespread than they are today, glow-worms have cast a spell over humans for centuries. Shakespeare mentions them in Hamlet and their soft glow on mid-summer nights must have seemed like a scene from a magical world.

Where & when to see glow worms in the UK
Glow worms are nature’s nightlights and are at their best in July. Some of the UK’s best spots to see them are:

Swallowtail elected favourite Dutch butterfly


This is a video about the metamorphosis of swallowtails (Papilio machaon).

Dutch voters have elected the old world swallowtail as favourite butterfly.

In an Internet poll, this species got 1449 votes.

The rest of the Top 5 is:

2. Holly blue butterfly 1300 votes
3. Peacock butterfly 1199
4. Orange tip 1112
5. Comma 693