New Mexican fish species discovery


A male Gambusia quadruncus. Picture courtesy of NC State University

From Wildlife Extra:

New fish species has hooks on genitalia

Fishing hooks aren’t the only hooks found in east-central Mexican waters.

September 2012. A new species of freshwater fish, described by a North Carolina State University researcher, has several interesting – and perhaps cringe-inducing – characteristics, including a series of four hooks on the male genitalia. Females of the new species – the llanos mosquitofish, or Gambusia quadruncus – also have distinguishing characteristics, including a colourful anal spot. …

A paper describing the new species, which lives in a diversity hotspot and seemingly branched off from its closest relative more than one million years ago, appears in the Journal of Fish Biology.

See also here.

British wetlands help birds in harsh winter


This video from England is called Slimbridge in Winter.

From Wildlife Extra:

Record numbers of birds used Britain’s wetlands during severe 2010/11 winter

Waterbirds in England respond to cold winter

October 2012. Latest counts collected by Wetland Bird Survey (WeBS) volunteers show the internationally important numbers of wildfowl and waders that use English wetlands in winter.

Severe winter of 2010/11

The severe conditions experienced in the 2010/11 winter, described in the latest Waterbirds in the UK report, show that wetlands in the UK can be especially important during harsh winters. During such winters, sites both inland and on the coast act as a refuge for birds forced out of frozen continental Europe.

Top 5 sites contained 1.2 million waterfowl and waders

At the five most important sites (The Wash, Ribble Estuary, Morecambe Bay, North Norfolk Coast, and Thames Estuary), WeBS volunteers counted 1.2 million wildfowl and waders. These numbers indicate how important it is that these coastal areas and others receive suitable protection and that the important waterbird communities continue to be monitored effectively.

Inland wetlands

The two largest inland wetlands, the Somerset Levels and the Ouse Washes, attracted especially large numbers of birds in the 2010/11 winter. At the Somerset Levels, over 50,000 Wigeon and 70,000 Lapwing were both exceptional peaks – tangible evidence of the importance of these sites as cold weather refuges, and the benefits of inland wetland habitat creation and management.

Not all species have thrived

Some waterbirds continue to flourish in the UK – winter populations of Gadwall, Avocet and Black-tailed Godwit have never been higher! But among the 60 waterbird species wintering in the UK for which population trends are produced, eight native species have declined by more than a quarter in the last 25 years:

European White-fronted Goose-79%
Purple Sandpiper -52%
Pochard -50%
Mallard -39%
Bewick’s Swan -32%
Goldeneye -28%
Dunlin -28%
Ringed Plover -25%

David Stroud, Senior Ornithologist at Joint Nature Conservation Committee, said: “The events of the 2010/11 winter were a reminder that we need to co-operate internationally to ensure the effective conservation of these mobile waterbirds. Neighbouring countries are just a short flight away, and the UK needs to continue to work to ensure common approaches for waterbird conservation and management throughout their migratory ranges. Continued support for international treaties such as the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, the European Union’s Birds Directive and the Agreement on the conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds, is especially important.”

Allan Drewitt, Senior Ornithologist at Natural England said: “The evidence from the Wetland Bird Survey is invaluable. Results show the exceptional importance of England’s coasts and estuaries to birds and the vulnerability of wintering species to weather conditions. Information about bird numbers and how they are faring on our protected sites is essential, if we are to continue to look after them.”

Richard Hearn, Head of Monitoring at Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, said: “The Wetland Bird Survey and other waterbird monitoring schemes have again demonstrated their worth by producing results that remind us of the continued importance of Britain and Ireland as a cold weather refuge for migratory waterbirds. It is essential that internationally important wetlands such as the Severn Estuary continue to provide the disturbance-free habitat that these species need to survive the harsh winters that some predict may become more frequent in the future.”

October 2012. RSPB Scotland has expressed serious concern about the latest plan that could lead to the destruction of a protected, nationally important, wildlife site at Hunterston in North Ayrshire: here.

Dutch island Terschelling, panoramic video


After the big panoramic painting Panorama Mesdag about the dunes near Scheveningen in the Netherlands in the nineteenth century, this time a panoramic video about Terschelling island and its dunes, more to the north in the Netherlands, now.

The video was recorded at the vantage point Sneijderspad, in the west of the island.

Saving Morocco’s lions


The male Atlas lion is distinguished by its long dark mane, which extends down its back and under its belly, and by its muscular build and dexterity, thought to have evolved from its life of hunting and climbing in the mountains

By Jalal Al-makhfi:

Morocco mission to rescue last of the Atlas lions

October 3, 2012

Almost a century after a French colonial hunter put a bullet in what came to be viewed as the last Atlas lion living in the wild, a Moroccan zoo is struggling to claw the fabled subspecies back from the brink of extinction.

The majestic animal, also known as the Barbary lion and once common across north Africa, was eventually declared extinct after the 1922 hunt that saw it vanish from its natural environment. But, remarkably, a few dozen individuals survived in captivity, and the newly opened Rabat zoo is fighting to save the bloodline and raise numbers to a viable population. “For a long time, it was thought that the species had disappeared. But it turned out that Sultan Mohammed V (the current king’s grandfather) had some Atlas lions in his private park,” said Abderrahim Salhi, the zoo’s head of operations. The exotic park of the sultan, who became king at independence, had been supplied by tribesmen who hunted the mountain predators and offered them to their ruler as a tribute and proof of allegiance. “After Morocco’s independence (in 1956), the Atlas lions from the royal park formed the nucleus of the zoo and became a symbol of pride,” Salhi said. The newly opened Rabat zoo is fighting to save the bloodline and raise numbers to a viable population.

Moroccan coat of arms

… Today, this symbolism appears on the monarch‘s coat of arms, which depicts two lions protecting a crown, and the Moroccan football team carries their name, Atlas Lions, along with the hopes of the football-loving nation. The male Atlas lion is distinguished by its long dark mane, which extends down its back and under its belly, and by its muscular build and dexterity, thought to have evolved from its life of hunting and climbing in the mountains. Some observers say it is larger than its sub-Saharan relatives, weighing 225 kilos (500 pounds) or more, though the claim is disputed. The newly renovated Rabat zoo opened earlier this year, an event followed by the birth of three lion cubs at the facility. Staff described their arrival as a “joyous event.” “These cubs are the direct descendants of the Atlas lions, because like most of the cubs and lions here, they are a pure breed. They are not mixed,” said Salhi, who personally supervised the birth of the three cubs. The zoo itself “now has 32 lions, which is around half of the number remaining worldwide,” he added, the rest being found in zoos elsewhere in Morocco and in Europe.

But for all they represent, the future of Morocco’s mightiest predator is far from assured.

Various factors drove the north African lions to extinction in the wild, notably the deforestation of the Atlas mountains and the influx of firearms throughout the 19th century, with people hunting the big cats for their fur and for sport. They had already vanished in large numbers many hundreds of years earlier, captured and shipped to ancient Rome, where they provided grisly entertainment in the Colosseum and other amphitheatres around the empire. Starved and angry, the lions were unleashed on combatants and condemned criminals, as depicted in the 19th-century French Orientalist painting “Christian Martyrs’ Last Prayer”, which shows a Barbary animal emerging from a pit to attack a group of Christians. A less disturbing image meets visitors to the 50-hectare (125-acre) zoo outside Rabat, where the adult lions rest in the shade as the cubs romp nearby. The park is home to nearly 1,200 animals, made up of around 120 separate African species, including white rhinos, elephants, hippos and cheetahs. There are also plans to open a “night zoo” for nocturnal creatures including panthers. But the task of preserving the Atlas lion and boosting its numbers, in collaboration with other zoos around the world, remains a key objective for the park officials. “It is a big challenge,” Salhi said. “Our priority is their protection.”